Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD)
| Name of questionnaire | Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD) |
| Type of questionnaire-description,age | Multi-item questionnaire which asks the child (or parent of the child) to rate their chances of falling asleep during various normal daily activities. |
| Number of items | 8 items |
| Number of domains & categories | 1 |
| Name of categories/domains | Propensity to fall asleep during daytime situations |
| Scaling of items | 4-point Likert scale (0-3) |
| Scoring available: with permission or free | Free for individual users and non-funded academic research |
| Scoring test-retest reliability | Strong (interclass correlation coefficient 0.89 for 29 adolescents) |
| Scoring Internal consistency | Cronbach's alpha=0.73 for adolescents |
| Validity | Internally validated in adolescents; more research needed for younger populations |
| Language | English |
| Translations in other languages (if yes, then list the languages) | Spanish, French, Italian, Dutch, Finnish, Swedish |
| Developer name | Dr. Murray W Johns |
| Developer contact information |
https://eprovide.mapi-trust.org/instruments/epworth-sleepiness-scale-child-adolescent Address: Mapi Resarch Trust, |
| Availability of questionnaire | Copyright MW Johns, 1990, 2015; available with license from the creator, free for individual users and non-funded academic research, fee for funded research |
| Limitations | Relies on patient ability to understand and answer questions Parent may need to answer questions for the child |
| Link to the questionnaire (if available) | |
| Other comments | |
| References (including original publication) | Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 1991 Dec;14(6):540-5 Johns MW. Reliability and factor analysis of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep. 1992 Aug;15(4):376-81 Benmedjahed K, Wang YG, Lambert J, Evans C, Hwang S, Black J, Johns MW. Assessing sleepiness and cataplexy in children and adolescents with narcolepsy: a review of current patient-reported measures. Sleep Med. 2017 Apr;32:143-149. Janssen KC, Phillipson S, O'Connor J, Johns MW. Validation of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents using Rasch analysis. Sleep Med. 2017 May;33:30-35. |
| Updated by | February 2020 |
| The last date of update | Melissa Maloney |
